Organic Chemistry For NEET

Organic Chemistry:

Is a subdiscipline of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbonin covalent bonding. Study of structure determines their chemical compostionand formula. Study of properties includes physicaland chemical properties, and evaluation of chemical reactivity to understand their behavior. The study of organic reactions includes the chemical synthesisof natural products, drugs and polymers, and study of individual organic molecules in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico)study.

Includes
• Introduction to Organic
• Isomersim and Reaction
• Hydrocarbon
• Halogen compound
• Alcohol Phenol ether
• Ketones and Aldehydes
• Carboxylic Acid and Derivatives
• Nitrogen Compounds
• Biomolecules
• Polymers in Everyday in life

Analysis:

Organic Chemistry is quite balanced i.e., it contains 14-20 questions on average and constitutes one-third of the questions, much like its share on the syllabus. The number of questions fluctuate every year but it is estimated that at least 15 questions will be asked from this segment in the upcoming year, 2020. The very basics of O-Chem lies with the reaction mechanisms and these are further used in later chapters to understand scores of important named reactions. The end chapters such as biomolecules and polymers in everyday life take up very less time but end up appearing in the exam and thus must be taken care of.

How to prepare:

While mugging up is true for Inorganic Chemistry, Organic fortunately can be built up with concepts and need not be worried. Chemical Bonding is very significant and learning theories will help you stay clear in the mess. Atomic and Chemical Properties, IUPAC Nomenclature etc. will help study the later chapters easily. Mindmaps and Flash Cards are extremely handy in such situations and help categorise reactions and elements to connect further links. Mechanisms will act as the ultimate decider between acing or failing your exams because it is beyond superficial understanding. Understanding individual steps of the reaction will eliminate errors in any modifications in the question. Make a notebook and revise to stay in touch and refer to understanding mostly and not memorization. Memorize and your efforts will most likely go in vain.

Key areas:

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Book Recommendations:

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Introduction:

Isomerism, the existence of molecules that have the same numbers of the same kinds of atoms (and hence the same formula) but differ in chemical and physical properties. The roots of the word isomer are Greek—isos plus meros, or “equal parts.” It has two types - structure and stereo isomerism both of them are described in detail . Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system) is also included .

Chapter Analysis:

There have been lot of irregularities in providing questions from this chapter . There have been short intervals with continuous questions and then another gap of years where there have been no questions posed . A total of 10 questions have been asked in the previous 11years which indicates it is a low weightage chapter . We can nevertheless expect 1 or 2 questions from this .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Werner’s Theory
• VBT and CFT
• Nomenclature of coordination compounds

Introduction:

A hydrocarbon is a compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon . Hydrocarbons from which one Hydrogen atom is removed are called Hydrocarbyl . They occur beneath the surface of earth in crude oil . Nomenclature, isomerism, conforn1ations ( ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis are discussed .Structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, methods of preparation: chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic Addition are included along with. e, structure of triple bond (ethyne) acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water. Aromatic hydrocarbons- Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene; resonance, aromaticity; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution- Nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Crafts alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter was asked extensively in the past but slowly lost its questions in the paper . A recent analysis of paper shows it has been constant since 2014 to 2017 with 1 quesstion each year and then 2 each in the previous two years . On the contrary before 2014 y before 2014 15 questions were asked in the previous 5 preceding years . It has become a low weighted chapter now and you can expect 1 to 2 questions from this chapter .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Properties of alkanes , alkenes and alkynes
• Isomerism and nomenclature
• Resonance

Introduction:

They are a group of chemical compounds derived from Hydrocarbons containing one or more halogens . Haloarenes are aromatic compounds whose one hydrogen is replaced by an halogen . Haloalkanes : Nomenclature, nature of C – X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism ofSubstitution actions, Optical rotation. In Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only).Uses and environment effects of - dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter has been devoid of questions and its presence in the papers . It has been regularly missing in the papers that we don’t really have some expectations left . It more often than not is absent in the papers . Hardly 5 questions have been asked in the previous 11 years . We can say that no question most probably or one question at max could be asked .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nature of C-N bond
• Optical rotations
• Different haloarenes
• Nomenclature of such compounds

Introduction:

An alcohol is any organic compound which contains Hydroxyl functional group (-OH)and is bound to a saturated carbon atom . Phenols are aromatic Hydrocarbons which contain the same hydroxyl group . Ethers are which contain the functional group (R-O-R). Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are discussed . Acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols are explored for phenols .

Chapter Analysis:

There have been too many irregularities in the past years to get on a pattern . This can be understood by the fact that the highest recorded question has been 4 but on the other hand 3 times no question has even been asked . A sum of 17 questions have been asked with a drop in the 2 years 2017 -18 to 0 only to be compensated by 3 questions in the year 2019 . We can not predict confidently in this chapter but the odds may be that 1 or 2 questions might be asked .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nomenclature of compounds
• Mechanism of dehydration
• Acidic nature of phenols

Introduction:

A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon bonded to oxygen with a double bond (C=O) . A compound containing this group is called carbonyl compound . It is also a part of several other functional groups hence forms a large class of compounds . Aldehydes are the ones with (CHO-) , Ketones with (-CO-) and carboxylic acid with (-COOH) . Aldehyde and ketone part comprises of Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses .

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter too is not free from irregularities with ranging from 6 in one year to 0 in some . However in the recent years questions have been continuously popping up with 10 asked in the previous 3 years aldehyde and ketone . In 11 years a total of 21 questions have been asked making it a moderately weighed chapter . We can expect 2- 3 questions in the upcoming years .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nomenclature is complex
• Uses and compounds
• Nucleophilic addition

Introduction:

A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(=O)OH). The general formula of a carboxylic acid is R–COOH, with R referring to alkyl group of the (possibly quite large)molecule. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples include the amino acids(which make up proteins) and acetic acid (which is part of vinegar). Deprotonation of a carboxyl group gives a carboxylate anion. Important carboxylate salts are soaps which are formed by their derivatives only .

Chapter Analysis:

It was devoid of questions earlier but recently has been coming up constantly in the papers . Counting from 2009 , it didnt come up for the first 4 years , made its appearance in 2013 then vanished again for 2 years . Finally since 2016 - it has been a regular part with one question every year and 2 in 2017 . Thus we can predict one question this year too .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nomenclature
• Acidic strength
• Use of derivatives

Introduction:

Nitrogen containing compounds are a vital entity , many of which show unique biological activity . They are an integral part of any synthesis requiring multiple functionality . However the handling of highly polar Nitrogen compounds is problematic . This chapter gives detail about Nitrogen products like AMines , Cyanides and isocyanides and finally diazonium salts . We discuss about their Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.For Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter is constantly a part of the papers barring the year 2016 . The amount of questions have also been fairly constant with 2 questions per year mostly with some bumps and falls . There has been a constant rate of questions in the recent 3 years with 2questions each in 2017-18 and 1 in 2019 . Having a total 19 questions in 11 years , it can be put in the lower weightage category . We can again expect 1 or 2 question this year .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nomenclature and functionality
• Identification of nitrogen containing product
• Use of diazonium salts and preparation

Introduction:

Biomolecule is an organic molecule that is produced by living organism. They act as building block of life and perform important functions in living organisms. They are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and Sulphur. The four common biomolecules are proteins, nucleic acid, carbohydrates and lipids .Carbohydrates and their Classification , monosaccharide, D, L- configuration, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides . Proteins have amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure,secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure, denaturation of proteins; enzymes. RNA and DNA are also discussed .

Chapter Analysis:

Questions are being repeatedly from this chapter except for years 2015 and 2013 . The average remains around 2 with occasional appearances of 3 or 1 questions . With 16 questions asked it lies in the lower weightage region . Probably 2 questions will be asked again in the papers to come .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Name and configuration of biomolecules
• Isomerism related to them
• Properties and uses

Introduction:

Polymers are substances which contain a large no. of structural units joined by the same type of linkage .These substances often form into a chain like structure . Natural polymers have been around since the beginning of time .Man made polymers have been studied since 1832 . We will study Classification- Natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polyesters, bakelite; rubber,Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. Chemistry in everyday life emphasises on the use of chemistry in our daily lives . Most importantly their use in medicines- analgesic , tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids antihistamines is extensively taught .

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter comes with one of the highest consistency . A total of 23 questions have been asked in the past 11 years with almost unerring regularity . 8 times only one question was asked and 3 consecutive times 2 questions were asked between 2014 - 16 from polymers itself . This chapter falls in the low weightage category as well . We can surely expect a minimum of 1 question this year as well and at max a count of 2 .
The below given bar-graph illustrates the frequency of questions appearing in paper from this chapter :

The important topics to be covered:
• Nomenclature of Polymers
• Uses of Polymer
• Name of drugs
• Chemicals and their uses