Digestion & Absorption | Breathing & Gases Exchange,
Body Fluids And Circulation | Excretory Waste And Their Elimination,
Locomotion | Nural Control And Coordination

Introduction:

The branch of biology which deals with the study of life processes is called Human Physiology. Major human physiological processes are digestion and absorption. Food is the substance used for growth, maintenance and activities of an organism and it is a mixture of nutritive and nonnutritive substances. The nutrients are the chemical substances present in food. The physiological activity by which organisms obtain food from their environment is called nutrition. Major components of food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins. Water prevents dehydration of the body and plays an important role in metabolic processes.

Chapter Analysis:

This is one of the toughest chapters from Zoology in the NEET syllabus, and it exhibits in a way that a lot of questions have been asked from this chapter. All in all, 21 questions have been asked with 2 questions appearing in the last paper. 4 questions were asked in the year 2013. So, we can expect atleast 2-3 questions from this chapter in the coming years.
The below given graph illustrates the frequency of question coming from this chapter:

The important topics to cover from this chapter are:
• Alimentary Canal and Digestive Glands
• Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones
• Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats.
• Calorific values of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats
• Nutritional Disorders like PEM, Indigestion, Constipation, Vomiting, Jaundice & Diarrhea

Introduction:

All biological activities require energy which is released by the breakdown of food. So, all organisms consume high energy organic molecules in the form of food. The breakdown of food by the use of oxygen is called oxidation. Cells utilize Oxygen for catabolism and produce energy along with oxygen. The process of exchange between oxygen from the atmosphere and carbon dioxide produced by the cells is called breathing. The method by which oxidation of food material occur in the living cells of an organism is called respiration and the term respiration was coined by Dutrochet.

Chapter Analysis:

​A total of 14 questions have been asked from this chapter in the past 10 years, averaging around 3 questions every 2 year. And that has seemed to be the trend. However, in the year of 2011 and 2009, no questions were asked. The last paper saw 2 questions coming from this topic. And the last 8 papers have had atleast one question from this topic. So, we can expect atleast 1-2 question from this topic in the coming paper.
The below mentioned graph illustrates the analysis mentioned above:

The important topics to cover from this chapter are:
• Respiratory System in Humans
• Mechanism of Breathing and its regulations in Humans
• Exchange, Transport and Regulation of Gases
• Values of Respiratory Volumes
• Disorders related to respiration such as Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational Respiratory Disorders.

Introduction:

Chapter Analysis:

This chapter used to be in the good books of the paper setters in the early days. From the year 2009 to 2011, a total of 16 questions were asked. Hence, it was a force to be reckoned with. There was a huge drop in the number of questions between 2011, when it was 5, and 2012, when it fell down to 0. However, the number of questions has fallen down in the past few years with the last year holding only 2 question from this chapter. A total of 26 questions have been asked from this chapter. So, we can expect at least 2-3 question from this topic in the coming papers.
The below given bar-graph illustrates the number of question from this chapter in the previous year papers:

The important topics to be covered from this chapter are:
• Types of Blood Cells
• Composition of Blood, Blood Groups, Coagulation of Blood
• Composition of Lymph and its function
• Human Circulatory System – Structure of Human Heart and Blood Vessels
• Cardiac Cycle ▪ Cardiac Output, ECG & Double Circulation
• Regulation of Cardiac Activity
• Disorders of Circulatory System – Hypertension, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina Pectoris & Heart Failure

Introduction:

​Different harmful substances are formed due to different metabolic reaction in the body. It includes urea, uric acid, ammonia, carbon-dioxide, water, ions, etc. The three-main nitrogenous waste are urea, ammonia and uric acid. Ammonia is the most toxic out of these. Animals excreting ammonia as nitrogenous waste are known as ammoniotelic, for example, most bony fishes, aquatic, amphibians, etc. The excretion of ammonia occurs via diffusion. The organisms which excrete urea as nitrogenous waste, they are known as ureotelic. For example, mammals, amphibians, etc. are ureotelic. These organisms which excrete uric acid as nitrogenous waste, they are known as uricotelic, such as reptiles, birds, etc.

Chapter Analysis:

​This question has accounted to 20 question in the last 11 years, with 10 question being asked from 2009 to 2011. Thus, we can understand that there has been a decrease in the number of questions coming from this chapter in the past few years. Last year just saw 2 questions coming from this chapter while in 2011, a total of 5 questions. Hence, we can expect atleast 2 questions from this chapter in the papers to come.
The below given graph illustrates the analysis mentioned above:

The important topics to cover from this chapter are :
• Modes of Excretion: Ammonotelism, Ureotelism and Uricotelism
• Human Excretory System – Structure and Functions
• Urine Formation Osmoregulation
• Regulation of Kidney Function – Renin – Angiotensin
• Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes Insipidus
• Role of other organs in excretion
• Disorders like Uremia, Renal Failure, Renal Calculi, Nephritis
• Dialysis and Artificial Kidney

Introduction:

Movement is defined as when organism moves from one location to another location.When movement result in change in position or location, it is known as locomotion. For example,walking, climbing, running, etc. There are various types of movements like Ciliary, Amoeboid and Muscular. Ciliary movement occurs in organs lined by ciliated epithelium. It is used to trap dust particles that enter during inhalation. It also helps in movement of ova from the fallopian tube into the uterus.Amoeboid movement is observed in some immune cells such as macrophages, leucocytes, etc. It is also observed in Amoeba, which moves through pseudopodia. Muscular movement is observed in tongue, jaws, limbs etc. For locomotion, muscular, skeletal and neural system are involved.

Chapter Analysis:

The number of questions being asked from this chapter have almost been uniform throughout the yesteryears. However, for two consecutive years, i.e. 2011 and 2010, no question was asked from this chapter. Cumulatively, a total of 16 question have been asked with 3 question coming in the 2013 paper. The last three years have seen 2 questions coming every time and this is the exact figure we can be expecting in the next few papers.
The below given graph illustrates the analysis mentioned above:

The important topics to cover from this chapter are:
• Types of movement – Ciliary, Flagellar and Muscular
• Skeletal Muscle – Contractile Proteins and Muscle Contraction
• Skeletal System and its Functions
• Joins
• Disorders like Myasthenia Gravis, Tetany, Muscular Dystrophy, Arthritis, osteoporosis, Gout

Introduction:

Human nervous system is classified into two types – Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System. CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord whereas PNS consists of all the nerves present in the brain and spinal cord. The process by which two or more organs interact with each other and complement each other’s function is known as coordination. The structural and functional unit of neural system are known as neurons. They can detect, receive and transmit stimuli.

Chapter Analysis:

​A total of 23 questions have been asked from this chapter in the past 11 years. There has been a uniformity in the number of questions being asked with 1 question occurring in only two of the eleven years under analysis. Also, most of the time the number of questions stayed 2 including the last two year. So, we can expect at least 2 questions from this chapter in the next papers.
The below given graph illustrates the analysis mentioned above:

The important topic to be covered from this particular chapter is:
• Neuron and Nerves
• Nervous System in Human – CNS
• Peripheral Nervous System and Visceral Nervous System
• Generation and Conduction of Nerve Impulse
• Reflex Action
• Sense Organs
• Elementary Structure and Function of Eye and Ear

Introduction:

Endocrine Glands are ductless glands. Their secretions are known as hormones. They are produced in small amount and are intracellular messengers. Endocrine glands are located in different parts of the human body Different endocrine glands are pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal and gonads. Kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract also produces some hormones.

Chapter Analysis:

This is one of the most important chapter from Human Physiology. A lot of question has been asked from this chapter. All in all, 28 questions have been asked in the past 11 years with the 2016 and 2010 paper holding 4 questions each. The last three years have see 2, 3 and 3 questions being asked respectively. Only twice in the past 11 years has the number of questions gone below 2. So, we can expect atleast 2-3 question from this chapter.
The below given graph illustrates the analysis mentioned above:

The important topics to cover from this particular chapter are:
• Endocrine Glands and Hormones
• Human Endocrine System: Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas Glands
• Mechanism of Hormone Action
• Role of Hormones as Messengers and Regulators
• Hypo and Hyperactivity
• Disorders like Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, Goiter, Exophthalmic Goiter, Diabetes, Addison’s diseases